导 游 词
1镖局三宝
各位游客朋友，大家好!欢迎你们来到中国镖局博物馆参观游览。镖局从狭义的角度来讲是为一些商家和个人提供安全保障的专业机构，从广义上讲，是以押运一些现银或贵重货物收取一定费用的旧式保险业。清朝中叶，平遥票号的兴起，必然带来保镖业的繁荣。
这边我们看到的是镖局三宝：镖车、镖箱和镖旗。您看一下这辆镖车很有特色，只有一个轮，适合走一些崎岖不平的山路，但是这个车的平衡不好掌握，推这个车有个秘诀：要想镖车走，屁股扭一扭。把握好平衡就可以上路走镖了。镖旗是一面三角形的小旗子，上面写的镖师傅的姓氏，我们这边看到是一个“王”字，它是王正清创办的。如果路上遇上劫匪，他首先得看一下旗子上的字，知道是厉害师傅押的镖就不敢劫了。镖箱是榆木所制，里面放一些金银财宝之类的。
1. Three treasures of escort agency
Dear tourists, Hello! Welcome to China escort agency Museum. In a narrow sense, escort agency is a professional organization that provides security for some businesses and individuals. In a broad sense, it is an old-fashioned insurance industry that charges a certain fee for escorting some cash or valuable goods. In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the rise of Pingyao ticket bank will inevitably bring prosperity to the bodyguard industry.
Here we see the three treasures of the escort agency: Escort cart, escort box and escort flag. Look at this escort cart. It has only one wheel. It is suitable for taking some rugged mountain roads, but the balance of this cart is not easy to master. There is a secret to pushing this cart: if you want to take the escort cart, twist your ass. If you have a good balance, you can go on the road to escort. The dart flag is a small triangular flag with the surname of the dart master written on it. Here we see the word "Wang", which was founded by Wang Zhengqing. If he meets a robber on the road, he must first look at the words on the flag. He knows that the dart is taken by a powerful master, so he doesn't dare to rob. The dart box is made of elm. It contains some gold, silver and treasures.
2金库
这边有个金库，这个金库深2米，可以存放80万两白银，金库射在了大门口，运用了一个逆向思维，最危险的地方最安全，以前没有木栅栏，盖上木板铺上杂物掩人耳目。
回过头来看一下镖局的镖字，以前是“标”，到了清朝末年，随着票号的出现，才改为“金”字旁。金字旁代表十八般兵器，后面的票代表票号银两，所谓镖就是用武力来保证钱的安全。底色为黄色代表山西黄土高原，镖局一般只走旱路，不走水路。外围是红色，则希望镖局的生意能够红红火火、蒸蒸日上。
2 vault
There is a vault here. The vault is 2 meters deep and can store 800000 liang of silver. The vault is shot at the gate and uses a reverse thinking. The most dangerous place is the safest. There was no wooden fence before. It was covered with wood and covered with sundries to hide people's eyes and ears.
Looking back, the word "escort" in the escort agency used to be "standard". In the late Qing Dynasty, with the emergence of ticket numbers, it was changed to "gold". The gold word next to represents 18 kinds of weapons, and the ticket behind represents the ticket number silver. The so-called dart is to use force to ensure the safety of money. The background color is yellow, which represents the Loess Plateau of Shanxi. Escort agencies generally only take dry roads, not waterways. If the periphery is red, I hope the business of the escort agency can be prosperous and prosperous.
3一展室——镖局起源
镖局起源于明代的打行，受人钱财凭借武功，专门为人保护财物或人身安全的机构，又称镖行。旧时交通不便，客旅艰辛不安全，保镖行业应运而生，镖局随之而立。淸乾隆年间，山西人神拳张黑五在北京前门外创立了中国第一家镖局——兴隆镖局。镖局是由武术爱好者、武术世家、退役士兵组建而成。镖局的产生：一、要有官府的批准和支持，就像要取得营业许可证是一样的；二、民间武术团体的存在；三、远足贸易的大量兴起；四、大宗货物及银两的转运。
3. Exhibition room 1 - origin of escort agency
The escort agency originated from the fighting business in the Ming Dynasty. It is an organization that receives money and money and relies on martial arts to protect people's property or personal safety. It is also known as the escort agency. In the old days, the transportation was inconvenient, the passengers were difficult and unsafe, the bodyguard industry came into being, and the escort agency was established accordingly. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Heiwu, a native of Shanxi, founded Xinglong escort agency, the first escort agency in China, outside the front door of Beijing. The escort agency is formed by martial arts lovers, martial arts families and retired soldiers. The emergence of escort agency: first, it needs the approval and support of the government, just like obtaining a business license; 2、 The existence of Folk Wushu groups; 3、 The rise of hiking trade; 4、 Transshipment of bulk goods and silver.
4二展室——镖行业务
押镖的种类有：信镖、物镖、银镖、粮镖、票镖和人身镖。押过唯一的一趟人身镖是在1900年八国联军入侵北京慈禧太后由北京逃往西安路过平遥时，由王正清的儿子王树茂保慈禧太后的人身安全。
镖局走镖方式有三种：一是威武镖：在镖箱上插上大旗，写明镖师的名字，锣声打起，镖手们亮起号子，厉害的镖局用这种方法；二是仁义镖：下半旗不喊镖号；三是偷镖：悄悄不做声，旗子收起，偷偷摸摸走镖。
没有规矩，不成方圆。镖局走镖有一套严密的规章制度。三不住：新开之店不住，易主之店不住，娼家之店不住；三不离：衣服不离身，武器不离身，车马不离院；三会一不：会搭炉灶，会修鞋，会理发，不洗脸，因为在镖行中洗脸和到家是同义词，同时在外走镖，风吹日晒不洗脸也起到保护皮肤的作用。
4. Exhibition room 2 - escort business
The types of escort include: letter escort, object escort, silver escort, grain escort, ticket escort and personal escort. The only personal escort was when the Eight Power Allied forces invaded Beijing in 1900. When the Empress Dowager Cixi fled from Beijing to Xi'an and passed Pingyao, Wang Zhengqing's son Wang Shumao protected the personal safety of the Empress Dowager Cixi.
There are three ways of escorting in the escort agency: one is powerful Escort: put a big flag on the escort box, write the name of the escort, the gong sounds, and the escort players light up their trumpets. Powerful escort agencies use this method; Second, benevolence and righteousness darts: lower the flag at half mast without shouting the dart number; The third is to steal darts: keep quiet, put away the flag and sneak around.
There are no rules, no square. The escort agency has a set of strict rules and regulations. 3. Not living: not living in newly opened stores, changing owners and prostitutes; Three inseparable: clothes do not leave the body, weapons do not leave the body, cars and horses do not leave the hospital; Three meetings and one No: can set up a stove, repair shoes, have a haircut, and don't wash your face, because washing your face in the escort business is synonymous with getting home. At the same time, walking outside, without washing your face in the wind and sun can also protect your skin.
5三展室——千里行镖
镖局走镖，北至塞外大漠，南达江韩海滨，水旱两路行镖，即辛苦又十分危险。这边为我们展现了当年千里行镖的场景。镖局在走镖的镖路上倘若碰见了打过交道的“朋友”——强盗，首先会喊镖“合吾一声镖车走，半年江湖平安回”。
6四展室——江湖春点
春点，就是进行行话交流。自报家门，大家叙旧拉关系，以后有的是礼尚往来的机会，要是遇到陌生“朋友”，若是和匪首“春点”上了，贼首同意“借路”，就会回头喊一声“合吾”放行。要是对不上，那就会兵刀相见了，所以镖师每走一趟镖之前，都会打点好家中的一切，以防发生不测。回过头来里边供奉的是水路观音（自在观音），走水路要拜的，出门求平安。
5. Exhibition room 3 - thousand mile dart
The escort agency escorts goods from the northern desert to the hanhaibin River in the south. It is hard and dangerous to escort goods in both flood and drought. Here we show the scene of darting thousands of miles in those years. If the escort agency meets a "friend" - robber on the way to escort, it will first shout to the escort "go with me and return to the Jianghu safely in half a year".
6. Exhibition room 4 - Jianghu spring point
Spring point is the exchange of jargon. After reporting to the family, we can talk about the past and have a good relationship. In the future, there will be opportunities for reciprocity. If we meet a strange "friend", if we have a "spring point" with the bandit leader, and the bandit leader agrees to "borrow the way", we will turn back and shout "he Wu" to release. If they don't match, they will meet each other with swords. Therefore, the escort will take care of everything at home before each escort to prevent accidents. Looking back, the water Guanyin (free Guanyin) is enshrined inside. Those who want to worship by water go out for peace
7五展室——镖局风云
兴隆镖局：乾隆年间山西人张黑五创办。当时是乾隆皇帝的一位师傅，在乾隆皇帝及其他师傅说服下，成立了第一家被朝廷肯定的镖局。
会友镖局：北洋政府大臣李鸿章的家宅是由会友镖局派人保护的。创始人是宋彦超，绝技是三皇炮捶门 。当时规模最大的镖局，鼎盛时镖局人数有1000多人。
昌隆镖局：左二把创办于道光二十年。前身是玉永镖局，长眉老道张德茂创办，是左二把的师傅，见其才高义重，便把镖局转增给他。
广盛镖局：戴二闾创办，祁县武术世家出身。
源顺镖局：“大刀王五”王子斌创办，由于喜用大刀，排行老五，得“大刀王五”的美名。因一生行侠仗义，与燕子李三、霍元甲、黄飞鸿齐名。
大盛魁：太谷人王相卿和祁县人张杰创办。原名吉盛堂，后改名大盛魁，并迁到了倾化城（现呼和浩特）从事对蒙贸易。由于我们这边的镖局对蒙古势力分布不熟悉，大盛魁承包了蒙古一带所有镖局走镖的业务，所以成了一家不是镖局的镖局。
8六展室——镖师风范
当时的十大镖师有：镖不喊沧创规者李冠铭，双刀镖师李风岚，形意宗师车永宏，华北形意大师戴二闾，华北面王王正清，铁腿左二把，大刀王五王子斌，单刀李存义，散打冠军赵光第，技艺精湛的李尧臣。其中王正清、左二把、戴二闾被称为华北三杰。有句口号说“王家枪、戴家拳、左家弹腿走天下，道光皇帝做后盾，打遍天下无敌手”。因为王正清和道光皇帝是同门师兄弟，所以这家镖局在走镖过程中没有失过一趟镖，信誉度是比较高的。这边供奉有关公，走旱路要拜的，出门求平安。
9七展室——威震华夏
同兴公是平遥历史上唯一的一家镖局。王正清被称为面王，其子王树茂青出于蓝而胜于蓝，因而同兴公镖局创立之始就成为全国著名镖局之一。这里是之前的会客厅，接待重要客户，洽谈重要生意的地方。
10八展室——秘密金库
这里是存放镖局自家银两的地方，门口那个是存放客户银子的。这个叫做鞘，把圆木内部掏空，最多存放一千两白银，押镖用它来掩人耳目，以为运的是木材。
11九展室——门规戒律
镖师入行拜师仪式：一、向达摩祖师行礼；二、徒弟向师傅行礼；三、宣读拜师贴；四、宣读门规尖口令；五、给师傅敬茶；六、给徒弟信物。
这边就是我们师傅练武的地方，练的都是十八般兵器。原先这边是师傅居住的地方，下窑洞上阁楼，门口都要摆放水缸，有两个作用一是消防，山西木结构建筑比较多，防火；二是聚财“门前有大海。财源滚滚来”。
接下来我们去徒弟练功的地方看一看。俗话说师傅教徒弟，总要留一手，所以两个练武场是分开的。徒弟练的有石锁、沙袋、太极球、拉弓射箭等。当时小伙计要把石锁举过头顶100次才可以留在镖局工作的；太极球，四两拨千斤，一只手来回拨动练习臂力的。
12十展室——神兵利刃
这边有十八般兵器的介绍；有当时的轿车，相当于现在奔驰、宝马的级别；还有两辆镖车，也叫做鸡公车，是三国时期诸葛亮发明的。
13十一展室——珍馐美味
山西是中国的面食之乡，镖局经常用山西特有的饮食招待客人，从中你会了解镖局丰富的待客饮食之道。
俗话说：有兴盛之时必有衰败之日，镖局创办于1855年，1913年衰败，经营了58年。衰败原因有：一、公路、铁路的开通，洋枪洋炮的出现，十八般兵器没有了用武之地；二、交通不便，如果用独轮车走的话，费用特别高，走一里路花一两银子；三、票号的出现，一张汇票纸就可以汇通天下了；四、风险大，走镖过程中，失一趟镖要双倍赔偿给客户。
我的讲解到此结束，祝您旅途愉快。欢迎下次再来！
7. Exhibition room 5 - escort agency situation
Xinglong escort agency: founded by Zhang Heiwu from Shanxi during the reign of Emperor Qianlong. At that time, he was a master of Emperor Qianlong. Persuaded by Emperor Qianlong and other masters, he established the first escort agency affirmed by the imperial court.
Huiyou escort agency: the residence of Li Hongzhang, Minister of Beiyang government, was protected by Huiyou escort agency. The founder is song Yanchao, and the unique skill is that the three emperors beat the door with guns. At that time, the largest escort agency had more than 1000 people at its peak.
Changlong escort agency: Zuo Er Ba was founded in the 20th year of Daoguang. The former is Yuyong escort agency, which was founded by Zhang Demao, a Taoist priest of Changmei. He is the master of the second left. Seeing his talent, he transferred the escort agency to him.
Guangsheng escort agency: founded by Dai Erlu, born in a martial arts family in Qi county.
Yuanshun escort agency: Wang Zibin, the "king of daggers five", founded it. Because he likes to use daggers, he ranks fifth, and won the reputation of "king of daggers five". He is as famous as swallow Li San, Huo Yuanjia and Huang Feihong for his chivalry and justice all his life.
Dashengkui: founded by Wang Xiangqing from Taigu and Zhang Jie from Qixian County. Formerly known as jishengtang, later renamed dashengkui, and moved to qinghuacheng (now Hohhot) to engage in trade with Mongolia. Because our escort agency is not familiar with the distribution of Mongolian forces, dashengkui contracted the escort business of all escort agencies in Mongolia, so he became an escort agency that is not an escort agency.
8. Exhibition room 6 - escort style
At that time, the top ten escorts were: Li Guanming, who didn't shout Cang, the creator of rules, Li Fenglan, the escort of double swords, Che Yonghong, the master of form and meaning in North China, Dai Erlu, the master of form and meaning in North China, Wang Zhengqing, the king of face in North China, two iron legs on the left, Wang Zibin, the king of big swords, Li Cunyi, the champion of Sanda, Zhao Guangdi, and Li Yaochen with excellent skills. Among them, Wang Zhengqing, Zuo Erbao and Dai Erlu are known as the three heroes of North China. There is a slogan that says "Wang's gun, Dai's fist and Zuo's bullet leg go all over the world, backed by Emperor Daoguang, and fight all over the world". Because Wang Zhengqing and Emperor Daoguang are brothers of the same sect, this escort agency has never lost one escort in the process of escorting, and has a high reputation. Guan Gong is worshipped here. Those who want to worship on the dry road go out to pray for peace.
9. Exhibition room 7 - Weizhen Huaxia
Tongxinggong is the only escort agency in Pingyao history. Wang Zhengqing is known as the king of noodles, and his son Wang Shumao is better than blue. Therefore, Tongxing public escort agency has become one of the famous escort agencies in China since its establishment. This is the former reception hall, a place to receive important customers and negotiate important business.
Booth 8 - Secret vault
This is the place where the escort agency stores its own silver. At the door is the place where the customer's silver is stored. This is called scabbard. It hollows out the inside of the log and stores up to 1000 liang of silver. Darts use it to hide people's eyes and ears, thinking it's wood.
11 exhibition room 9 - door rules and commandments
The escort attends the worship ceremony: 1. Salute the Dharma Master; 2、 The apprentice saluted the master; 3、 Read out the teacher worship post; 4、 Read out the password of the door gauge tip; 5、 Offer tea to the master; 6、 Give it to the disciple.
This is where our master practices martial arts. He practices eighteen kinds of weapons. Originally, this is where the master lived. Water tanks should be placed at the door of the lower cave and the upper attic. One is fire protection. There are many wooden structures in Shanxi, which is fire prevention; The second is to gather wealth. "There is a sea in front of the door. Money is rolling in".
Next, let's go to the place where the apprentice practices martial arts. As the saying goes, when a master teaches an apprentice, he should always keep his hand, so the two martial arts training fields are separated. Apprentices practice stone locks, sandbags, Tai Chi balls, bowing and archery, etc. At that time, the boy had to lift the stone lock over his head 100 times before he could stay in the escort agency to work; Taiji ball, four or two pounds, one hand moving back and forth to practice arm strength.
12 exhibition room 10 - magic weapon blade
Here is an introduction to 18 kinds of weapons; There were cars at that time, equivalent to the level of Mercedes Benz and BMW; There are also two escort carts, also known as chicken carts, invented by Zhuge Liang during the Three Kingdoms period.
13 exhibition room 11 - delicacies
Shanxi is the hometown of pasta in China. The escort agency often entertains guests with the unique diet of Shanxi. From this, you will understand the rich hospitality diet of the escort agency.
As the saying goes: when there is prosperity, there will be decline. The escort agency was founded in 1855 and declined in 1913. It has been operating for 58 years. The reasons for the decline are: first, the opening of roads and railways, the emergence of foreign guns and guns, and the 18 kinds of weapons have no place to play; 2、 The traffic is inconvenient. If you use a unicycle, the cost is particularly high. It costs one or two silver to walk a mile; 3、 With the emergence of bill number, a piece of bill paper can be remitted to the world; 4、 The risk is high. In the process of escorting, the customer should be compensated twice for the loss of one escort.
This is the end of my explanation. I wish you a pleasant trip. look forward to seeing you next time!